Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of severe, life-threatening illnesses caused by viruses such as Ebola, Marburg, and Lassa. These viruses can damage blood vessels and may cause severe internal bleeding, organ failure, and death. VHFs are primarily spread through direct contact with blood, saliva, vomit, urine, or feces of an infected person. VHFs can also spread through contact with contaminated objects (like medical equipment), exposure to infected animals (such as rodents or primates), and, through bites from infected insects (such as ticks or mosquitoes).

Ontario has never had a confirmed case of VHF.

Some viruses that cause VHFs are regularly found in parts of Africa and can lead to outbreaks. As of January 26th, 2026, there are no regions experiencing suspected or confirmed outbreaks of VHF.